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TEX 二井原

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TEX 二井原(てっくすにいはら) / 英語講師

英語パーソナルジム HIET(ヒート)/ High Intensity English Training

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英文法5分ドリル《 ゴールデン動詞フレーズ 》⑩

2024年2月27日

テーマ:大学入試・TOEIC・英検

コラムカテゴリ:スクール・習い事


本記事は独学・国内学習による
英検1級保持者が書きました。

《 ゴールデン動詞フレーズ 100人組手 》⑩

⑴ She cleared the boy (   ) his suspicion.
   ① up      
   ② away      
   ③ of      
   ④ off

suspicion「疑い」
clear A of B
「AからBを取り除く」
除去を表す動詞がこの語法をとるとおさえる。
◆ <除去動詞 A of B>:
 ✰ clear A of B:Bを除去してAをクリアにする
 ✰ rid A of B:Bを除去してAを解放する
 ✰ remove A of B:Bを取り除いてAを作り変える
 ✰ purge A of B:Bを一掃してAを浄化する
 ✰ cleanse A of B:Bを清めてAを整える
 ✰ deprive A of B:Bを剥奪してAを取り除く
 ✰ free A of B:Bを解放してAを自由にする
 ✰ detach A of B:Bを取り外してAから分離する
 ✰ strip A of B:Bを剥奪してAを裸にする
 ✰ eliminate A of B:Bを排除してAを消去する
◆ <抽出動詞 A from B>:
 ✰ remove B from A:AからBを取り除く
 ✰ eliminate B from A:AからBを排除する
 ✰ exclude B from A:AからBを除外する
 ✰ delete B from A:AからBを削除する
 ✰ eradicate B from A:AからBを根絶する
 ✰ expel B from A:AからBを追放する
 ✰ dislodge B from A:AからBを追い出す
 ✰ banish B from A:AからBを追放する
 ✰ abolish B from A:AからBを廃止する
 ✰ strip B from A:AからBを剥奪する
⑴ 正解 ③
「彼女はその少年の疑いを晴らした」
She cleared the boy of his suspicion.
The boy's suspicion was absolved by her.
She acquitted the boy of his suspicion.
She exonerated the boy of his suspicion.
She vindicated the boy of his suspicion.
She relieved the boy of his suspicion.
She freed the boy from his suspicion.







⑵ She was (   ) her bag.
   ① robbed of    
   ② stole of    
   ③ robbed    
   ④ stole

<rob A of B>
「AからBを奪う」
stealはこの語法ではなくSVOの文型で
「ヒトがモノを盗む」
となる。
受動態だとそれぞれ次のとおり。
 Her bag was stolen.
 She had her bag stolen.
よって②④は消去。③はofが落ちているので不可。
①が正解で,能動態で言い換えると,
 Someone robbed her of her bag.
⑵ 正解 ①
「彼女はバッグを盗まれた」
She was robbed of her bag.
Her bag was stolen from her.
Her bag was taken from her unlawfully.
She lost her bag due to theft.
She was deprived of her bag by robbery.
Her bag was unlawfully removed from her possession.
She was divested of her bag by theft.








⑶ He stripped (   ).
   ① paper of the wall   
   ② the wall off paper    
   ③ off paper the wall  
   ④ the wall of paper

<strip A of B>
「AからBを取り除く」(strip B off A)
の語法から③を消去。
①②だと
「紙から壁を取り除く」
の意味になってしまうので不可。正解は④。
⑶ 正解 ④
「彼は壁から紙をはがした」
He stripped the wall of paper.
He removed the paper from the wall.
He peeled the paper off the wall.
He cleared the wall of paper.
He denuded the wall of paper.
He disrobed the wall of paper.
He unclothed the wall of paper.







⑷ His father was (   ) of his duties as the department manager.
   ① remove    
   ② solved    
   ③ loosened    
   ④ relieved

<relieve A of B>
「AをBから解職する」
受動態は
<A be relieved of B>
よって④が正解。
solve「(問題)を解く」
loose「(結び目)をほどく」
<remove A from B>「AをBから解職する」
⑷ 正解 ④
「彼の父親は部長の職を解かれた」
His father was relieved of his duties as the department manager.
His father was discharged from his duties as the department manager.
His father was dismissed from his duties as the department manager.
His father was released from his duties as the department manager.
His father was let go from his duties as the department manager.
His father was removed from his duties as the department manager.
His father was sacked from his duties as the department manager.






⑸ This word is derived (   ) German.
   ① from      
   ② at      
   ③ on      
   ④ in

<derive A from B>
「AからBを引き出す」
<A is derived from B>
という受動形で使われて
「AはBに由来する」の意味を表す。
⑸ 正解 ①
「この語はドイツ語に由来する」
This word is derived from German.
This word originates from German.
This word comes from German.
This word is sourced from German.
This word has its roots in German.
This word is of German derivation.
This word is descended from German.







⑹ He couldn’t stop his father (   ) too much.
   ① to drink    
   ② drink    
   ③ of drinking    
   ④ from drinking

<S stop doing>
「Sが~するのをやめる」
<S stop A from doing>
「他の人(A)が~するのをやめる」
◆ 妨害動詞 A from B:
 ✰ hinder A from B:AをBから妨げる
 ✰ impede A from B:AをBから妨げる
 ✰ obstruct A from B:AをBから妨害する
 ✰ hamper A from B:AをBから妨げる
 ✰ thwart A from B:AをBから妨害する
 ✰ deter A from B:AをBから阻止する
 ✰ inhibit A from B:AをBから抑制する
 ✰ restrain A from B:AをBから制止する
 ✰ stop A from B:AをBから止める
 ✰ block A from B:AをBからブロックする
⑹ 正解 ④
「彼は父親の飲みすぎをやめさせられなかった」
He couldn’t stop his father from drinking too much.
He couldn’t prevent his father from drinking too much.
He couldn’t hinder his father from drinking too much.
He couldn’t restrain his father from drinking too much.
He couldn’t impede his father from drinking too much.
He couldn’t curb his father from drinking too much.
He couldn’t inhibit his father from drinking too much.






⑺ Her eyes were (   ) with tears.
   ① filled     
   ② shared     
   ③ mixed     
   ④ full

<fill A with B>
「BをAで満たす」
の受動形,
<A is filled with B>
の形で①が正解。
full「満たす」に結びつく前置詞はofなので④は不可。
shared「共有する」
mix「まぜる」は意味が通らないので②③は消去。
◆<供給動詞 A with B>
 ✰ supply A with B:AをBで供給する
 ✰ furnish A with B:AをBで供給する
 ✰ provide A with B:AをBで供給する
 ✰ equip A with B:AをBで装備する
 ✰ imbue A with B:AにBを吹き込む
 ✰ infuse A with B:AにBを注入する
 ✰ load A with B:AをBで満たす
 ✰ stock A with B:AをBで補充する
 ✰ replenish A with B:AをBで補充する
 ✰ fill up A with B:AをBで満たす
⑺ 正解 ①
「彼女の目は涙でいっぱいだった」
Her eyes were filled with tears.
Tears filled her eyes.
Tears brimmed in her eyes.
Her eyes were brimming with tears.
Her eyes welled up with tears.
Tears overflowed from her eyes.
Tears flooded her eyes.







⑻ We always (   ) the name of Louis XIV with the absolute monarchy.
   ① compare   
   ② associate   
   ③ contrast    
   ④ supply

<associate A with B>「AとBを関連づける」
associates the smell of roses with happy memories
バラの香りを幸せな思い出と結び付ける
名詞としての用法:「関連する人」「仲間」
He is an associate of the company.
(彼はその会社の仲間です)
形容詞としての用法:「関連のある」「仲間の」
They are associate members of the club.
(彼らはそのクラブの準会員だ)
compare「比較する」
contrast「対照させる」
supply「供給する」
⑻ 正解 ②
「私たちはいつもルイ14世の名前を絶対王制と結びつける」
We always associate the name of Louis XIV with the absolute monarchy.
We always link the name of Louis XIV with the absolute monarchy.
We always connect the name of Louis XIV with the absolute monarchy.
We always relate the name of Louis XIV with the absolute monarchy.
We always correlate the name of Louis XIV with the absolute monarchy.
We always tie the name of Louis XIV with the absolute monarchy.
We always identify the name of Louis XIV with the absolute monarchy.







⑼ He (   ) his life to the study of physics.
   ① devoted     
   ② preferred    
   ③ lost    
   ④ reduced

devote A to B「AをBにささげる」
prefer A to B「AをBよりも好む」
lose A to B「A(試合)でBに負ける」
reduce A to B「AをBに縮小する」
◆『捧げる』
 ✰ devote time and effort:時間や労力を捧げる
 ✰ offer prayers and support:祈りや支援を捧げる
 ✰ present a gift:贈り物を捧げる
 ✰ consecrate as sacred:神聖なものとして捧げる
 ✰ make a sacrifice:犠牲を捧げる
 ✰ pledge allegiance:誓いを捧げる
 ✰ commit fully:全力を捧げる
 ✰ give one's heart:心を捧げる
 ✰ bestow honor and praise:名誉や称賛を捧げる
 ✰ devote passion and interest:情熱や関心を捧げる
⑼ 正解 ①
「彼は物理学の研究に生涯を捧げた」
He devoted his life to the study of physics.
He dedicated his life to the study of physics.
He committed his life to the study of physics.
He gave his life to the study of physics.
He invested his life in the study of physics.
He sacrificed his life to the study of physics.
He consecrated his life to the study of physics.








⑽ She always substitutes (   ) for sugar.
   ① fat     
   ② maple syrup     
   ③ soy sauce     
   ④ garlic

<substitute A for B>
「AをBの代わりに用いる」
fat「脂肪]
soy sauce「醤油」
garlic「にんにく」
はいずれも甘くなく, 砂糖の代用にならない。
◆ <交換動詞 A for B>
 ✰ substitute A for B:AでBを交換する
 ✰ replace A with B:AをBで置き換える
 ✰ swap A for B:AをBと交換する
 ✰ exchange A for B:AをBと交換する
 ✰ trade A for B:AをBと取引する
 ✰ switch A for B:AをBと交換する
 ✰ use A instead of B:Bの代わりにAを使用する
 ✰ trade out A for B:AをBと交換する
 ✰ switch out A for B:AをBと交換する
 ✰ replace A by/with B:AをBで置き換える
⑽ 正解 ②
「彼女はいつも砂糖の代わりにメープルシロップを使う」
She always substitute maple syrup for sugar.
She always replaces sugar with maple syrup.
She always uses maple syrup in place of sugar.
She always swaps sugar for maple syrup.
She always substitutes sugar with maple syrup.
She always exchanges sugar for maple syrup.
She always opts for maple syrup instead of sugar.



基本英文アウトプット


「彼女はその少年の疑いを晴らした」

She cleared the boy of his suspicion.
The boy's suspicion was absolved by her.
She acquitted the boy of his suspicion.
She exonerated the boy of his suspicion.
She vindicated the boy of his suspicion.
She relieved the boy of his suspicion.
She freed the boy from his suspicion.






「彼女はバッグを盗まれた」

She was robbed of her bag.
Her bag was stolen from her.
Her bag was taken from her unlawfully.
She lost her bag due to theft.
She was deprived of her bag by robbery.
Her bag was unlawfully removed from her possession.
She was divested of her bag by theft.






「彼は壁から紙をはがした」

He stripped the wall of paper.
He removed the paper from the wall.
He peeled the paper off the wall.
He cleared the wall of paper.
He denuded the wall of paper.
He disrobed the wall of paper.
He unclothed the wall of paper.





「彼の父親は部長の職を解かれた」

His father was relieved of his duties as the department manager.
His father was discharged from his duties as the department manager.
His father was dismissed from his duties as the department manager.
His father was released from his duties as the department manager.
His father was let go from his duties as the department manager.
His father was removed from his duties as the department manager.
His father was sacked from his duties as the department manager.







「この語はドイツ語に由来する」

This word is derived from German.
This word originates from German.
This word comes from German.
This word is sourced from German.
This word has its roots in German.
This word is of German derivation.
This word is descended from German.






「彼は父親の飲みすぎをやめさせられなかった」

He couldn’t stop his father from drinking too much.
He couldn’t prevent his father from drinking too much.
He couldn’t hinder his father from drinking too much.
He couldn’t restrain his father from drinking too much.
He couldn’t impede his father from drinking too much.
He couldn’t curb his father from drinking too much.
He couldn’t inhibit his father from drinking too much.






「彼女の目は涙でいっぱいだった」

Her eyes were filled with tears.
Tears filled her eyes.
Tears brimmed in her eyes.
Her eyes were brimming with tears.
Her eyes welled up with tears.
Tears overflowed from her eyes.
Tears flooded her eyes.







「私たちはいつもルイ14世の名前を絶対王制と結びつける」

We always associate the name of Louis XIV with the absolute monarchy.
We always link the name of Louis XIV with the absolute monarchy.
We always connect the name of Louis XIV with the absolute monarchy.
We always relate the name of Louis XIV with the absolute monarchy.
We always correlate the name of Louis XIV with the absolute monarchy.
We always tie the name of Louis XIV with the absolute monarchy.
We always identify the name of Louis XIV with the absolute monarchy.





「彼は物理学の研究に生涯を捧げた」

He devoted his life to the study of physics.
He dedicated his life to the study of physics.
He committed his life to the study of physics.
He gave his life to the study of physics.
He invested his life in the study of physics.
He sacrificed his life to the study of physics.
He consecrated his life to the study of physics.






「彼女はいつも砂糖の代わりにメープルシロップを使う」

She always substitute maple syrup for sugar.
She always replaces sugar with maple syrup.
She always uses maple syrup in place of sugar.
She always swaps sugar for maple syrup.
She always substitutes sugar with maple syrup.
She always exchanges sugar for maple syrup.
She always opts for maple syrup instead of sugar.





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